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The circuit of Fig. 3-29 illustrates a method for biasing a CB transistor using a single dc source. transistor is a Si device VBEQ 0:7 V , 99, and IBQ 30 A. Find (a) R2 , and (b) VCEQ . Ans: a 3:36 k ; b 6:06 V Rework Problem 3.28(a) with R2 5 k and all else unchanged. Ans: 13:16 mA and ICQ 16:84 mA Because of a poor solder joint, resistor R1 of Problem 3.28(a) becomes open-circuited. percentage change in ICQ that will be observed. Ans: 508:5%

start = new Node(22); Node p=start; p.next = new Node(33); p = p.next;

The circuit of Problem 3-28(a) has -independent bias RE ! 10RB = Find the allowable range of if ICQ can change at most 2 percent from its value for 110 Ans: 86:4 149:7 For the circuit of Fig 3-27, vS 0:25 cos !t V; RB 30 k ; VB 1 V, and VCC 12 V The transistor is described by the default npn model If VCEsat 0 and ICBO 0, use SPICE methods to determine the range of RL for class A operation Hint: A sweep of RL values can determine the particular value of RL for which VCEQ VCC =2 (Netlist code available at author website) Ans: RL 7:74 k If an emitter resistor is added to the circuit of Fig 3-17, nd the value of RF needed to bias for maximum symmetrical swing Let VCC 15 V, RE 1:5 k , and RC 5 k .

The word size of the IBM 704 was 36 bits; the word size of the Digital Equipment PDP-1 was 18 bits; the word size of the Apollo Guidance Computer was 15 bits; the word size of the Saturn Launch Vehicle Computer was 26 bits; the word size of the CDC 6400 was 60 bits These machines existed during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s The IBM 360 family, starting in the mid-1960s, introduced the idea of a standard memory cell of 8 bits called the byte Since then, computer manufacturers have come to advertise memory size as a count of standard bytes The idea of the computer word size is still with us, as it represents the number of bits the computer usually processes at one time The idea of word size has become less crystalline, however, because newer computer designs operate on units of data of different sizes.

CHAP. 3]

Assume the transistor is an Si device with ICEO VCEsat 0 and 80 Ans: 477:4 k In the circuit of Fig 3-20, the Ge transistor has ICEO 0 and 50 Assume the capacitor is replaced with a short circuit Let VS 2 V; VCC 12 V; RC 4 k ; RS 100 k , and RB 330 k Find the ratios (a) ICQ =Is and (b) VCEQ =VS Ans: a 374:6; b 0:755 In the di erential ampli er circuit of Fig 3-22, the two identical transistors are characterized by the default npn model Let RB 10 k , RE RC 6:8 k , and VCC VEE 15 V Use SPICE methods to determine (a) VBEQ1 and (b) voltages vo1 vo2 (Netlist code available from author website.

5 6 7 8 9

) Ans: a VBEQ1 V 4; 3 8:89 V; b vo1 vo2 V 4 V 6 8:01 V In the ampli er of Fig 3-10(a), R1 1 k ; R2 9 k ; RE 100 ; RL 1 k ; VCC 12 V; CC CE ! 1, and 100 The Si transistor has negligible leakage current, with VCEsat ICBO 0 Find RC so that vL exhibits maximum symmetrical swing Ans: 1:89 k If in Problem 331, R1 is changed to 9 k and all else remains unchanged, determine the maximum undistorted swing of ic Ans: 1:5 mA In the CC ampli er of Problem 332, let iS 10 sin !t A Calculate vL after graphically determining vCE Ans: The ac load line and vCE are sketched on Fig 3-26: vCE % 5:7 sin !t V; vL sin !t V.

The Intel Pentium processes 32 or 64 bits at a time, but it is also backwards compatible to the Intel 8086 processor of 1980 vintage, which had a word size of 16 bits To this day, the Intel family of processors calls 16 bits a word, and in any case each byte has its own address in memory Today the byte is the measure of computer memory, and most computers, regardless of word size, offer byte addressability Byte addressability means that each byte has a unique memory address Even though the computer may be a 32-bit machine, each byte in the 4-byte computer word (32 bits) can be addressed uniquely, and its value can be read or updated As you probably know, the industry uses prefixes to set the scale of a measure of memory A kilobyte is 1024 bytes, or 210 bytes roughly a thousand bytes.